{"id":7570,"date":"2025-09-04T14:51:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qilimanjaro.tech\/?p=7570"},"modified":"2026-04-13T12:14:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T10:14:52","slug":"fluxonium-qubits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/ca\/fluxonium-qubits\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluxonium: The Qubit Behind Qilimanjaro\u2019s Quantum Computers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7570\" class=\"elementor elementor-7570\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06c5be e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b06c5be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5066f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5066f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Qilimanjaro, we are a <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">full-stack quantum computing company<\/span>. This means we work across every layer of the technology: from designing and calibrating the quantum chip, to building the software and control systems that connect the hardware with users, all the way to developing the theory and algorithms that run on our devices. At the core of this stack lies our <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"3\">Quantum Processing Unit (QPU)<\/span>.<\/p><p>There are several ways to implement a QPU, with leading approaches based on <strong>superconducting circuits, trapped ions, neutral atoms,<\/strong> and <strong>photonics<\/strong>. Our focus is on superconducting circuits, and within this platform we specialize in a particularly powerful type of qubit: the <strong>fluxonium<\/strong>.<\/p><p>In this blog post, we\u2019ll dive into the details of what makes the fluxonium qubit unique and why it sits at the heart of our technology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2337c77 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2337c77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b318c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a7b318c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-634f52a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"634f52a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is a Qubit?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-817842a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"817842a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But first, what is a qubit? A quantum bit is our way to codify the information in a quantum computer. A qubit is a quantum system that can exist in these two states, usually denoted as |0\u27e9 and |1\u27e9. Unlike a classical bit, which can only be in one state at a time, a qubit can also be in a superposition of both states, meaning that it has some probability of being |0\u27e9 and some probability of being |1\u27e9. This allows a qubit to store more information than a classical bit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70fe6ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70fe6ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"151\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7685\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1.png 428w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ada4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3ada4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Qubits have a certain probability \u03b1\u00b2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">to be in state |0\u232a<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">and a certain probability, \u03b2\u00b2<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\"> to be in state |1\u232a<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">This superposition of states is only realizable within quantum mechanics.\u00b2<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81b7586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81b7586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, in order to maintain this quantum superposition, we need to avoid the decoherence of the system. Decoherence is the process by which a qubit or a quantum system loses its quantum properties due to its interaction with the environment. Decoherence causes the qubit to collapse into one of the two states, |0\u27e9 or |1\u27e9, and lose its superposition and entanglement with other qubits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b585a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9b585a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"322\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7686\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2.png 322w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-300x125.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 322px) 100vw, 322px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbc1eda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbc1eda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">The interaction of this qubit with the environment makes the state collapse into |0\u232aor |1\u232a<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a03dcca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a03dcca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7102fbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7102fbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ba5c28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ba5c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1086a1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1086a1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do we make a Qubit?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b483cbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b483cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To build a useful qubit, we need a system that behaves like a <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">two-level atom<\/span>. Real atoms are good models because their energy levels are not equally spaced &#8211; the jump from |0\u27e9 \u2192 |1\u27e9 requires a different energy than the jump from |1\u27e9 \u2192 |2\u27e9 . This uneven spacing, called <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"7\">anharmonicity<\/span><\/strong>, allows us to isolate and control just the lowest two states, |0\u27e9 \u2192 |1\u27e9 , without unintentionally exciting higher states.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be4f18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0be4f18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/3-rf6js20tf0z97rv78wb1fz74crxvm1bzw3zh0p9p7k.png\" title=\"3\" alt=\"3\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a757eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a757eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">In this diagram we show the typical state distribution of an atom. We can see that the energy separation between states is different, i.e. \u039501<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">, the energy that a particle needs to jump from state |0\u232aor |1\u232a, is different from \u039512<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">, the energy required for a particle to jump from state |1\u232aor |2\u232a<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d7661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5d7661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This property is what makes coherent control possible. By sending a microwave pulse with the right frequency, \u03c901, we can selectively drive the qubit from |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232a<\/p><p>Our next challenge is to <strong>recreate this behavior using circuits<\/strong>. Can we design an electrical system with energy levels distributed like those of an atom? In other words, can we build an <em>electronic atom<\/em>?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f41ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94f41ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9486c34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9486c34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c773e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c773e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The LC Oscillator<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a2d625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a2d625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The simplest circuit we can build from basic components is an <strong>LC oscillator<\/strong>, which consists of an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C) connected in parallel. The total energy of this circuit \u2014 or its Hamiltonian, in physics language \u2014 has two parts:<\/p><ol><li>The first term comes from the charge stored in the capacitor.<\/li><li>The second term is related to the flux (\u03c6) through the inductor.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b663f87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b663f87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.19.32-1024x308.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7688\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.19.32-1024x308.png 1024w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.19.32-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.19.32-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.19.32.png 1404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b0f84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93b0f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To see if this circuit could work as a qubit, we look at its <strong>energy spectrum<\/strong>, which tells us how the possible energy levels are arranged. After diagonalising the Hamiltonian, we find that the LC oscillator behaves like a <strong>harmonic oscillator:<\/strong> its energy levels are <strong>evenly spaced.<\/strong> This means that the transition frequency, \u03c901, is exactly the same for |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232a, |1\u232a\u2192 |2\u232a, |2\u232a\u2192 |3\u232a and so on.<\/p><p>As a result, if we send a microwave pulse at frequency \u03c901, we can excite the qubit from |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232a. But the same pulse also drives higher transitions &#8211; |1\u232a\u2192 |2\u232a, |2\u232a\u2192 |3\u232a etc. Instead of isolating a two-level system, we create a <strong>coherent state<\/strong>: a superposition involving many levels at once.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eafe6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1eafe6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Correction-3-rf6jrarhwtxxv2yso2iuxo2r4lo8etbs4d2e3oe48a.png\" title=\"Correction 3\" alt=\"Correction 3\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48b980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b48b980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Energy spectrum of the LC oscillator. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0959456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0959456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is why the LC oscillator cannot serve as a qubit. Unlike atoms, whose energy levels are <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">non-uniformly spaced, <\/span>the LC oscillator is too symmetric. To make a real qubit, we need to introduce <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"3\">non-linearity<\/span> into the circuit so that only the two lowest states can be selectively controlled<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba9103d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba9103d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54290bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"54290bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7255c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7255c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Circuit with non-linear inductance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ca4c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4ca4c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To break the uniform spacing of the LC oscillator, we need to introduce <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">non-linearity<\/span><\/strong>. This is achieved with a <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"3\">Josephson Junction (JJ)<\/span><\/strong>. A Josephson Junction is essentially a <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"5\">superconductor\u2013insulator\u2013superconductor sandwich<\/span>: two superconducting wires separated by a very thin insulating barrier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82d85f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82d85f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"545\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-11.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7690\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-11.png 545w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-11-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a53a0c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a53a0c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Schematic diagram of a Josephson Junction.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ada7eee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ada7eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Even though the barrier is an insulator, current can still flow through it thanks to <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">quantum tunneling <\/span><\/strong>\u2014 a purely quantum effect. Josephson showed that the current flowing through the junction relates to the magnetic flux \u03c6 in a sinusoidal way:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e8f1949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.28.19-1024x125.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7691\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.28.19-1024x125.png 1024w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.28.19-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.28.19-768x94.png 768w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.28.19.png 1404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-483f3f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"483f3f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>where \u03990 is the critical current and \u03c60 is the flux quantum.<\/p><p>This relation tells us something important: the Josephson Junction behaves like an <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">inductor<\/span>, but not a normal one. In a regular inductor, current and flux are related by a simple constant, 1\/L. In a JJ, the relation depends on the flux itself, making it <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"5\">non-linear<\/span><\/strong>. If we calculate the effective inductance by differentiating current with respect to flux, we find that it varies as:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c81843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c81843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.30.01-1024x125.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7692\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.30.01-1024x125.png 1024w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.30.01-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.30.01-768x94.png 768w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.30.01.png 1404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9834ac3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9834ac3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Frame-13-rf6js3wj0jtp0elx0rb05xqe71g1farzuods3p56bc.png\" title=\"Frame 13\" alt=\"Frame 13\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10e1ef4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10e1ef4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Comparison of an inductance with a Josephson Junction.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3c516 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc3c516\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b99fcd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b99fcd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238a62e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"238a62e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why is this important?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e1e73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e1e73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If we replace the inductor in our LC oscillator with a Josephson Junction, the energy potential of the system changes. Instead of the smooth parabolic potential of a harmonic oscillator, we now get a <strong>cosine-shaped potential<\/strong>.<\/p><p>What does this mean for the energy spectrum? In a parabolic potential, the energy levels are evenly spaced, which is why the LC oscillator fails as a qubit. But in a cosine potential, the wells are finite and periodic. According to quantum mechanics, when a particle is confined in such a potential, the energy levels must <strong>readjust<\/strong> \u2014 they are no longer uniformly separated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee624e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee624e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6adda7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a6adda7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493bd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"493bd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Transmon Qubit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1950cba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1950cba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If we focus on one of these cosine wells, we find that the first few energy levels have different spacings. This gives exactly the property we want: an <strong>anharmonic spectrum<\/strong>. The lowest two states, |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232aare isolated enough that we can selectively drive transitions between them with microwaves, without easily leaking into higher levels.<\/p><p>The circuit formed by a <strong>capacitor and a Josephson Junction<\/strong> is known as the <strong>transmon qubit<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d89dcb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d89dcb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/transmon-rf6jrj81mc9irkmiao6i23xwh2ijc39d5ixrf61kt0.png\" title=\"transmon\" alt=\"transmon\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59d8b57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59d8b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Energy spectrum of the transmon qubit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4198b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a4198b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5448c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f5448c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-778f2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"778f2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Fluxonium Qubit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a44920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a44920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The fluxonium qubit builds on the transmon by adding a large <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">superinductance<\/span> (an inductor with very high inductance) in parallel with the Josephson junction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43102f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"43102f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"192\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fluxonium.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7695\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fluxonium.png 325w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fluxonium-300x177.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf36e61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf36e61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Arquitecture of the Fluxonium<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc99cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dc99cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This inductive \u201cshunt\u201d modifies the potential: instead of a simple cosine well, we now have a cosine potential <strong><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">confined inside a parabolic potential<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2516829 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2516829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.37.05-1024x125.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7697\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.37.05-1024x125.png 1024w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.37.05-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.37.05-768x94.png 768w, https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-04-at-14.37.05.png 1404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7680270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7680270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"discussion-id-2627eec1-4c53-8056-a30c-001cce677840 notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"0\">The result is the <\/span><strong><span class=\"discussion-id-2627eec1-4c53-8056-a30c-001cce677840 notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">fluxonium energy spectrum<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"discussion-id-2627eec1-4c53-8056-a30c-001cce677840 notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"2\">, shown in the figure below.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06869eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06869eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qilimanjaro.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/fluxonium2-rf6jreiu28p5ktem0p20f5mf6e9zko4ftq4nyk9gbg.png\" title=\"fluxonium2\" alt=\"fluxonium2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a45d62f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a45d62f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Energy spectrum of the fluxoniums.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649348d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"649348d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da23632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"da23632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c69d13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c69d13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Fluxoniums?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb01b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb01b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In superconducting qubits, a major source of energy loss and dephasing is <strong>dielectric noise<\/strong>\u2014tiny fluctuating electric dipoles in materials and interfaces that absorb energy from the qubit\u2019s electric field. This loss typically <strong>grows with frequency<\/strong>. Fluxoniums usually have a |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232a transition around <strong>0.1\u20131 GHz<\/strong>, while transmons are typically <strong>4\u20135 GHz<\/strong>. Operating at the lower fluxonium frequencies therefore <strong>reduces dielectric noise<\/strong> and helps preserve coherence.<\/p><p>Moreover, fluxoniums are <strong>more anaharmonic<\/strong> than the transmons: the gap between |0\u232a\u2192 |1\u232aand |1\u232a\u2192 |2\u232a is larger. That extra separation lets us apply <strong>shorter<\/strong> (<strong>stronger\/faster)<\/strong> control pulses without accidentally driving the qubit to the state |1\u232a\u2192 |2\u232a.<\/p><p>Put simply, <strong>shorter pulses spread over more frequencies<\/strong>. Because fluxonium\u2019s levels are farther apart, that spread stays clear of unwanted transitions, so leakage is much less likely\u2014even when we drive the qubit with rapid pulses!<\/p><p>And one more advantage: <strong>fluxoniums are a natural fit for analog quantum computing<\/strong>\u2014a story for another post!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At Qilimanjaro, we are a full-stack quantum computing company. This means we work across every layer of the technology: from designing and calibrating the quantum chip, to building the software and control systems that connect the hardware with users, all the way to developing the theory and algorithms that run on our devices. 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